Opensips

It is an multi-functional, multi-purpose SIP server especially used in VoIP landscape as standalone SIP server or SBC ( Session Border Controller ) for inbound and outbound traffic by carriers, telecoms backend layers or ITSPs for call routing and trunking solutions. It can be deployed with Class4/5 Platforms, SIP Trunking , hosted or IP PBX setup , existing gateways/ Session Border Controllers, Application Servers, proxy server, Front-End Load Balancers, IMS Platforms, Call Center etc.

Combination of opensips working scenarios scripts with code is at https://github.com/altanai/opensipsexamples.

Features

Due to its very flexible and customisable routing engine it can be used in number of scenarios such as an SIP proxy or a  router and due to its high throughput it is widely recommended as an enterprise grade inbound/outbound proxy server.

  • Registrar
  • Router / proxy (lcr, dynamic routing, dialplan features)
  • Redirect server
  • Presence agent
  • Back-to-back User Agent
  • IM server
  • SIP to SMS gateway (bidirectional)
  • SIP to XMPP gateway for presence and IM (bidirectional)
  • Load-balancer or dispatcher
  • Inbound/front end for gateways/asterisk
  • SIP NAT traversal unit
  • Application server with custom logic

Since Opensips has emerged as a resilent SIP server , it is also used in specific usecases such as
– DID ( Direct Inward dialling ) for SIP trunking solutions ,
– Local Number Portability (LNP) providers,
– Canonical Name (CNAME) providers etc

It can act as Registrar with NAT traversal abilities (STUN, TURN, SIP pinging)

UDP , TCP , TLS , SCTP and WS transports over both IPv4 and IPv6
Additionally it can be connected to multiple networks ( Multihomed ) and do IP authentication or IP blacklisting

Class 4 routing capabilities in opensips include SIP aliases, Direct Inward Dialing , Speed dial, CPL,vDialplan , dispatcher with various algorithms, prefix-based routing to multiple carriers , failover support,
Load balancing , ENUM-based or Geolocation-based routing etc.
Some of the Class 5 capabilities in opensips are B2B , call queuing
UAC registration , authentication, mangling, White/Black list

SIP SIMPLE features as messaging , Presence , Busy Lamp Field (BLF), Shared Call/Line Appearance (SCA) , Bridged Line Appearance (BLA) , Message Waiting notifications (MWI), XCAP , Resource List Server ( RLS ) , XMPP , SMS gateway (AT and SMPP)

Although opensips has no built-in media capabilities, but it modules for external media engines for Media relaying (RTPProxy, MediaProxy, RTPEngine), Media transcoding (Sangoma D1 cards) , Codec manipulation.

I have explained the usage of these server components in my previous article on  SIP entities and Server here https://telecom.altanai.com/2013/07/13/sip-entities/

Modular Arhitecture

Opensips has majorly 2 parts core and addon-modules.

Opensips Core part is only a proxy stateless SIP server . It contains

  • SIP transport layer which supports UDP, TCP, TLS and WS for SIP. As per the listener in routing script transport protocols is selected .
  • SIP factory — the message parser and builder which can be used to add new headers or remove existing ones.
  • Routing script parser and interpreter for the routing script which loads it to the memory at the startup time. To load a new script server restart is required.
  • Memory and locking manager for the memory allocation and locking to prevent deadlocks and starvation. Although these arn’t accesible by route scripting, it can be configured at compile time.
  • Core script functions and variables which can be used in routing scripts in addition to the functions exported by add-on modules.

Interfaces

Events Interface

Used to notify external applications about events triggered internal to OpenSIPS such as
core events – E_CORE_THRESHOLD ,E_CORE_PKG_THRESHOLD , E_CORE_SHM_THRESHOLD , modules events , or even a custom event using raise_event() command

Statistics Interface

Provide insights to statistics of opensips in numerical results which could be used for services like  monitoring, load evaluation, realtime integration etc. The statictsics can be of two kinds :
1. counter like – variables that keep counting things that happened in OpenSIPS, like received requests, processed dialogs, failed DB queries, etc
2. computed values – variables that are calculated in realtime, like how much memory is used, the current load, active dialogs, active transactions, etc

These variable would reset form 0 at start sometimes even during runtime.

Binary Internal Interface

Provider communication between individual OpenSIPS instances. Used in cases such as failovers where dialogs needs to persist for service continuity. Hence with this interface one can replicate all the events related to the runtime data (creation / updating / deletion) to a backup OpenSIPS instance.

SQL interface and NoSQL interface

SQL interfaces provides interaction with Sql DB drivers and services such as MySQL, Postgres, Oracle, Berkeley, unixODBC etc , while NoSQL interface provides access to Redis, CouchBase, Cassandra, MongoDB, Memcached, and other databases which are more frequently implemented as external caches.

AAA interface definition

Currently, OpenSIPS supports the RADIUS driver for the AAA interface with upcoming support for DIAMETER.

Management interface

Allows the external applications to trigger predefined commands
Push data like setting a debug level, registering a contact etc
Fetch data like registered users, ongoing calls, get statistics etc
Trigger an internal action as reloading the data, sending a message so on

1. Functional SIP modules

SIP signalling modules such as B2B_ENTITIES , B2B_LOGIC , CALL CENTER ( for Inbound call center system ) , DIALOG , NAT_TRAVERSAL , NATHELPER
OPTIONS , REGISTRAR ,SIGNALING , UAC_REGISTRANT
TM (Transaction/stateful module) , SL (Stateless replier ) , SMS (SIP-to-SMS IM gateway)

SIP Routing modules such as CARRIERROUTE ( routing extension suitable for carriers) , CPL_C ( Call Processing Langugage interpreter ) ,
DISPATCHER , DROUTING ( Dynamic Routing / LCR ) , EMERGENCY ,ENUM ,
JABBER (JABBER IM and PRESENCE interconnection ) , IMC ( Instant Messaging Conferencing ),
LOAD_BALANCER , MSILO (SIP message silo) , RR ( Record-Route) , SCRIPT_HELPER ( Embedded SIP routing logic and dialog management) , OSP ( Open Settlement Protocol )

SIP messaging related , COMPRESSION , DIVERSION , IDENTITY ,MAXFWD , MANGLER
PATH , SIPMSGOPS ( SIP operations ) , TOPOLOGY_HIDING ,
UAC , UAC_AUTH , UAC_REDIRECT
URI , SST ( SIP Session Timer support )

Presence Modules like PRESENCE , PRESENCE_CALLINFO , PRESENCE_DIALOGINFO, PRESENCE_MWI (for Message Waiting Indication ) , PRESENCE_XCAPDIFF (for XCAP-DIFF event) , PRESENCE_XML
PUA , PUA_BLA , PUA_DIALOGINFO , PUA_MI , PUA_USRLOC , PUA_XMPP
B2B_SCA ( Back-to-Back Shared Call ), RLS ( Resource List Server )
XCAP , XCAP_CLIENT

2. Scripting modules

Script helper modules such as JSON , CFGUTILS , EXEC , TEXTOPS , AVPOPS , REGEX, MATHOPS , BENCHMARK ,
CARRIERROUTE , GFLAGS (Global shared flags )
PYTHON , LUA ,PERL , MMGEOIP ( MaxMind GeoIP )

Auth modules such as AUTH , AUTH_AAA ,AUTH_DB , PERMISSIONS

Accounting & Billing modules aas ACC ,CALL CONTROL

Dialplan Modules like ALIAS_DB , DIALPLAN , DOMAIN ( Multi-domain support ) , DOMAINPOLICY ,
GROUP , USERBLACKLIST , SPEEDDIAL ,PEERING ( Radius peering )

Data caching as DNS_CACHE , USRLOC ,SQL_CACHER

Traffic shaping module as PIKE ( Flood detector module ), QOS ,RATELIMIT ,FRAUD_DETECTION

3. Database modules

For SQL – DB_BERKELEY , DB_CACHEDB , DB_FLATSTORE , DB_HTTP , DB_MYSQL , DB_ORACLE ,DB_PERLVDB , DB_POSTGRES , DB_SQLITE
DB_TEXT , DB_UNIXODBC , DB_VIRTUAL

For noSQL – CACHEDB_CASSANDRA ,CACHEDB_COUCHBASE ,CACHEDB_LOCAL ,CACHEDB_MEMCACHED , CACHEDB_MONGODB , CACHEDB_REDIS , CACHEDB_SQL

4. External Integration modules

OpenSIPS API as EVENT_DATAGRAM , EVENT_FLATSTORE ( Text/File backend for events ), EVENT_ROUTE ,EVENT_RABBITMQ
EVENT_VIRTUAL ( Aggregator of event backends failover & balancing), EVENT_XMLRPC
MI_DATAGRAM ( DATAGRAM unix and network support for Management Interface )
MI_FIFO , MI_HTTP , MI_JSON , MI_XMLRPC_NG
HTTPD , PI_HTTP ( Provisioning Interface ) , STATISTICS

Media Relays
MEDIAPROXY – NAT traversal module
RTPENGINE – Connector to RTPengine external RTP relay
RTPPROXY – Connector to RTPproxy external RTP relay

non-SIP protocols modules such as AAA_RADIUS , H350 , LDAP – LDAP connector , stable
REST_CLIENT , SEAS ( Sip Express Application Server interface module), SIPCAPTURE , SIPTRACE ,
SNGTC ( Voice Transcoding in OpenSIPS using Sangoma hardware ),
SNMPStats , STUN , XMPP ( SIP-to-XMPP Gateway )

5. OpenSIPS protocols and infrastructure

CLUSTERER , TLS_MGM , PROTO_BIN ( Binary INterface protocol module to implements inter-OPENSIPS communication )
PROTO_HEP , PROTO_SCTP , PROTO_TCP, PROTO_TLS , PROTO_UDP , PROTO_WS , PROTO_WSS

How to Install and use Opensips on your VoIP platform

Install from git repo

git clone git@github.com:OpenSIPS/opensips.git opensips_head
install gcc
make all

Install from apt

apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 049AD65B
echo "deb http://apt.opensips.org trusty 2.4-releases" >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/opensips.list

check if opensips is running

ps -uax|grep opensips

Configuration ( opensips.cfg )

configuring compilation flags for various compile time options use menuconfig.

For this first install the ncurses development library

apt-get install libncurses5-dev
make menuconfig

Running menuconfig post installation from path use osipsconfig

compiling modules

prerequisites 

apt-get install build-essential openssl bison flex
make && make install

After succesfull installation check version 

opensips -V
version: opensips 2.2.7 (x86_64/linux)
flags: STATS: On, DISABLE_NAGLE, USE_MCAST, SHM_MMAP, PKG_MALLOC, F_MALLOC, FAST_LOCK-ADAPTIVE_WAIT
ADAPTIVE_WAIT_LOOPS=1024, MAX_RECV_BUFFER_SIZE 262144, MAX_LISTEN 16, MAX_URI_SIZE 1024, BUF_SIZE 65535
poll method support: poll, epoll_lt, epoll_et, sigio_rt, select.
main.c compiled on  with gcc 4.8

A config file opensips.config has 3 main logical parts :

1.global parameters – network listeners, available transport protocols, forking (and number of processes), the logging

2.modules section – the modules that are to be loaded  with path to their .so file

3.routing logic – logic for routing sip traffic

Routes

OpenSIPS routing logic uses several types of routes. Each type of route is triggered by a certain event and allows you to process a certain type of message (request or reply).

route
SIP requests routing. The main ‘route’ block identified by ‘route{…}’ or ‘route[0]{…}’ is executed for each SIP request.
To send a reply or forward the request, explicit actions must be called inside the route block. in example below which sends 200 ok reply for each options request.

route {
if(is_method("OPTIONS")) {
sl_send_reply("200", "ok");
exit();
}
route(1);
}
route[1] {
forward();
}

branch_route
Handles different branches of a SIP request. if the branch is not dropped the branch will be automatically sent out. It is executed only by TM module after it was armed via t_on_branch(“branch_route_index”).

if (is_method("INVITE|BYE|SUBSCRIBE|UPDATE")) {
if(!t_is_set("branch_route")) t_on_branch("MANAGE_BRANCH");
}
branch_route[MANAGE_BRANCH] {
xdbg("new branch [$T_branch_idx] to $ru\n");
route(NATMANAGE);
}

or lookup location and discard branches where uri matches ip 1.2.3.4 by using drop()

route {
lookup("location");
t_on_branch("op3");
if(!t_relay()) {
sl_send_reply("500", "relaying failed");
}
}
branch_route[op3] {
if(uri=~"1\.2\.3\.4") {
drop();
}
}

failure_route
Failed transaction routing block. It contains a set of actions to be taken each transaction that received only negative replies (>=300) for all branches which completes the transaction. The ‘failure_route’ is executed only by TM module after it was armed via t_on_failure(“failure_route_index”).

if (is_method("INVITE")) {
if(!t_is_set("failure_route")) t_on_failure("MANAGE_FAILURE");
}

failure_route[MANAGE_FAILURE] {
route(NATMANAGE);
if (t_is_canceled()) {
exit;
}
}

or on failure relay to voice mail

route {
lookup("location");
t_on_failure("op1");
if(!t_relay()) {
sl_send_reply("500", "relaying failed");
}
}
failure_route[op1] {
if(is_method("INVITE")) {
t_relay("udp:voicemail.server.com:5060");
}
}

onreply_route
Reply routing block. It can be stateful (if bound to a transaction) or stateless (if global reply route).
If the reply is not dropped (only provisional replies can be), it will be injected and processed by the transaction engine. There are three types of onreply routes:

global – catches all replies and uses simple definition ‘onreply_route {…}’ or ‘onreply_route[0] {…}’.
Exmaple for “global” reply route set the whole transaction

route {
seturi("sip:bob@opensips.org");  first branch
append_branch("sip:alice@opensips.org");  second branch
t_on_reply("global");
t_on_branch("1");
t_relay();
}

onreply_route {
xlog("OpenSIPS received a reply from $si\n");
}

onreply_route[global] {
if (t_check_status("1[0-9][0-9]")) {
setflag(1);
log("provisional reply received\n");
if (t_check_status("183"))
drop;
}
}

per request/transaction – it catches all received replies belonging to a certain transaction and uses “t_on_reply()” at request time, in REQUEST ROUTE – named ‘onreply_route[N] {…}’.

per branch – it catches only the replies that belong to a certain branch from a transaction via “t_on_reply()” ) at request time, but in BRANCH ROUTE, when a certain outgoing branch is processed – named ‘onreply_route[N] {…}’.
Certain ‘onreply_route’ blocks can be executed by TM module for special replies. For this, the ‘onreply_route’ must be armed for the SIP requests whose replies should be processed within it, via t_on_reply(“onreply_route_index”).

Exmaple of reply route set for this branch only


branch_route[1] {
if ($rU=="alice")
t_on_reply("alice");
}

onreply_route[alice] {
xlog("received reply on the branch from alice\n");
}

error_route

executed automatically on meeting and error such as parsing error in SIP request processing, script assert failure. Performs error handling . The Default action is to discard request. In error_route, the following pseudo-variables are available to get access to error details:

$(err.class) - the class of error (now is '1' for parsing errors)
$(err.level) - severity level for the error
$(err.info) - text describing the error
$(err.rcode) - recommended reply code
$(err.rreason) - recommended reply reason phrase
error_route {
xlog("--- error route class=$(err.class) level=$(err.level)
info=$(err.info) rcode=$(err.rcode) rreason=$(err.rreason) ---\n");
xlog("--- error from [$si:$sp]\n+++++\n$mb\n++++\n");
sl_send_reply("$err.rcode", "$err.rreason");
exit;
}

local_route

executed automatically as TM created a new request, internally (no UAC side). This is a route intended to be used for message inspection, accounting and for applying last changes on the message headers. Routing and signaling functions are not allowed.

local_route {
if (is_method("INVITE") && $ru=~"@foreign.com") {
append_hf("P-hint: foreign request\r\n");
exit;
}
if (is_method("BYE") ) {
acc_log_request("internally generated BYE");
}
}

startup_route
Executed only once when OpenSIPS is started and before the processing of SIP messages begins. Used in initilization cases cases such as loading some data in the cache.

startup_route {
avp_db_query("select gwlist where ruleid==1",$avp(i:100));
cache_store("local", "rule1", "$avp(i:100)");
}

timer_route
Route executed periodically at a configured interval of time specified next to the name(in seconds).

timer_route[gw_update, 300] {
avp_db_query("select gwlist where ruleid==1",$avp(i:100));
$shv(i:100) =$avp(i:100);
}

event_route
execute script code when an event is triggered. If no way to handle the event specified, default will be synchronously.
Triggered by the event_route module when an event is raised by the OpenSIPS Event Interface such as event raised by the pike module when it decides an ip should be blocked called E_PIKE_BLOCKED or E_SCRIPT_EVENT etc ( checke events interface for more events)

event_route[E_PIKE_BLOCKED] {
xlog("The E_PIKE_BLOCKED event was raised\n");
}
event_route[E_PIKE_BLOCKED, async] {
xlog("The E_PIKE_BLOCKED event was raised\n");
}

Scripting Language

Opensips scripting provided more advanced controls

1. Core Keywords

Keywords specific to SIP messages which can be used mainly in ‘if’ expressions.
af – address family of the received SIP message. It is INET if the message was received over IPv4 or INET6 if the message was received over IPv6.

if(af==INET6) {
log("Message received over IPv6 link\n");
};

dst_ip – IP of the local interface where the SIP message was received.

if(dst_ip==127.0.0.1) {
log("message received on loopback interface\n");
};

dst_port – local port where the SIP packet was received

if(dst_port==5061)
{
log("message was received on port 5061\n");
};

from_uri – reference to the URI of ‘From’ header.

if(is_method("INVITE") && from_uri=~".*@opensips.org")
{
log("the caller is from opensips.org\n");
};

method – SIP method of the message.

if(method=="REGISTER")
{
log("this SIP request is a REGISTER message\n");
};

msg:len – the size of the message

if(msg:len>2048)
{
sl_send_reply("413", "message too large");
exit;
};

$retcode – value returned by last function executed like $?. If tested after a call of a route, it is the value retuned by that route.

route {
route(1);
if($retcode==1)
{
log("The request is an INVITE\n");
};
}

route[1] {
if(is_method("INVITE"))
return(1);
return(2);
}

proto – transport protocol of the SIP message.

if(proto==UDP)
{
log("SIP message received over UDP\n");
};

status – status code of the reply.

if(status=="200")
{
log("this is a 200 OK reply\n");
};

1.10 src_ip – source IP address

if(src_ip==127.0.0.1)
{
log("the message was sent from localhost!\n");
};

1.11 src_port – source port of the SIP message (from which port the message was sent by previous hop).

if(src_port==5061)
{
log("message sent from port 5061\n");
}

1.12 to_uri – URI from To header.

if(to_uri=~"sip:.+@opensips.org")
{
log("this is a request for opensips.org users\n");
};

1.13 uri – request URI.

if(uri=~"sip:.+@opensips.org")
{
log("this is a request for opensips.org users\n");
};

2. Core Values

Values that can be used in ‘if’ expressions to check against Core Keywords

INET – IPv4 connection. , INET6 – IPv6 connection , TCP , UDP

max_len – test message’s size.

if(msg:len>max_len)
{
sl_send_reply("413", "message too large to be forwarded over UDP without fragmentation");
exit;
}

myself – reference to the list of local IP addresses, hostnames and aliases that has been set in OpenSIPS configuration file. This lists contain the domains served by OpenSIPS.

if(uri==myself) {
log("the request is for local processing\n");
};

null – reset the value of a per-script variable or to delete an avp.

$avp(i:12) = null;
$var(x) = null;

3. Core parameters

abort_on_assert – Set to true in order to make OpenSIPS shut down immediately in case a script assert fails.

abort_on_assert = true // default is false

advertised_address – address advertised in Via header and other destination lumps (e.g RR header).

advertised_port – port advertised in Via header and other destination lumps (e.g. RR).

alias – set alias hostnames for the server

alias=udp:company.tel.com:5060
alias=tcp:company.tel.com:5060

auto_aliases – to control if aliases should be automatically discovered from DNS lookup and added during fixing listening sockets.

auto_aliases=no // default value is no
auto_aliases=0

cfg_file – Returns the name of the corresponding OpenSIPS config file

cfg_line – corresponding line inside the OpenSIPS config file.
check_via – Check if the address in top most via of replies is local.

check_via=1 // Default value is 0 (check disabled)

children – Number of worker processes (children) to be created for each UDP or SCTP interface you have defined. children=16 // Default value is 8

chroot – If set, OpenSIPS will chroot (change root directory) to this valid path in the system value.

debug_mode – This option will automatically force:

  • staying in foreground
  • set logging level to 4 (debug)
  • set logging to standard error
  • enable core dumping
  • set UDP worker processes to 2
  • set TCP worker processes to 2
  • Default value is false/0 (disabled).

db_version_table – name of the table version to be used by the DB API to check the version of the used tables.

db_default_url – default DB URL to be used by modules if no per-module URL is given.

db_default_url=”mysql://opensips:opensipsrw@localhost/opensips”

db_max_async_connections – Maximum number of TCP connections opened from a single OpenSIPS worker to each individual SQL backend. Default value is 10.
Individual backends are determined from DB URLs as follows: [ scheme, user, pass, host, port, database ]

disable_503_translation – If ‘yes’, OpenSIPS will not translate the received 503 replies into 500 replies .
disable_core_dump – By default core dump limits are set to unlimited or a high enough value. Set this config variable to ‘yes’ to disable core dump-ing (will set core limits to 0).

disable_core_dump=yes //Default value is 'no'.

disable_dns_blacklist– DNS resolver, when configured with failover, can automatically store in a temporary blacklist the failed destinations. This will prevent (for a limited period of time) OpenSIPS to send requests to destination known as failed. So, the blacklist can be used as a memory for the DNS resolver.

The temporary blacklist created by DNS resolver is named “dns” and it is by default selected for usage (no need use the use_blacklist()) function. The rules from this list have a life time of 4 minutes – you can change it at compile time, from resolve.c . Can be ‘yes’ or ‘no’. By default the blacklist is disabled (Default value is ‘yes’).

disable_dns_failover – By default DNS-based failover is enabled. Set this config variable to ‘yes’ to disable the DNS-based failover. This is a global option, affecting the core and the modules also.

disable_stateless_fwd – controls the handling of stateless replies:

  • yes – drop stateless replies if stateless fwd functions (like forward) are not used in script
  • no – forward stateless replies

dns – controls if the SIP server should attempt to lookup its own domain name in DNS. Default is no.

dns_retr_time – Time in seconds before retrying a dns request. Default value is system specific, depends also on the ‘/etc/resolv.conf’ content (usually 5s).

dns_retr_no – Number of dns retransmissions before giving up.

dns_servers_no – How many dns servers from the ones defined in ‘/etc/resolv.conf’ will be used. Default value is to use all of them.

dns_try_ipv6 – If it is set to ‘yes’ and a DNS lookup fails, it will retry it for ipv6 (AAAA record). Default value is ‘no’.

dns_try_naptr – Disables the NAPTR lookups when doing DNS based routing for SIP requests – if disabled, the DNS lookup will start with SRV lookups. By default it is enabled, value ‘yes’.

dns_use_search_list

dst_blacklist – static (read-only) IP/destination blacklist. These lists can be selected from script (at runtime) to filter the outgoing requests, based on IP, protocol, port, etc.

filter out requests going to ips of my gws

dst_blacklist = gw:{( tcp , 192.168.2.200 , 5060 , "" ),( any , 192.168.2.201 , 0 , "" )}

block requests going to prohibited networks

dst_blacklist = net_filter:{ ( any , 192.168.1.120/255.255.255.0 , 0 , "" )}

block message requests with nasty words

dst_blacklist = msg_filter:{ ( any , 192.168.20.0/255.255.255.0 , 0 , "MESSAGE*ugly_word" )}

block requests not going to a specific subnet

dst_blacklist = net_filter2:{ !( any , 192.268.30.0/255.255.255.0 , 0 , "" )}

Each rule is defined by:

  • protocol : TCP, UDP, TLS or “any” for anything
  • port : number or 0 for any
  • ip/mask
  • test patter – is a filename like matching (see “man 3 fnmatch”) applied on the outgoing request buffer (first_line+hdrs+body)

enable_asserts – Set to true in order to enable the assert script statement.

event_pkg_threshold – A number representing the percentage threshold above which the E_CORE_PKG_THRESHOLD event is raised, warning about low amount of free private memory. It accepts integer values between 0 and 100. Default value is 0 ( event disabled ).

event_pkg_threshold = 90

event_shm_threshold
A number representing the percentage threshold above which the E_CORE_SHM_THRESHOLD event is raised, warning about low amount of free shared memory. It accepts integer values between 0 and 100.
Default value is 0 ( event disabled ).

event_shm_threshold = 90

exec_dns_threshold – A number representing the maximum number of microseconds a DNS query is expected to last. Anything above the set number will trigger a warning message to the logging facility. Default value is 0 ( logging disabled ).

exec_dns_threshold = 60000

exec_msg_threshold – A number representing the maximum number of microseconds the processing of a SIP msg is expected to last. Anything above the set number will trigger a warning message to the logging facility. Aside from the message and the processing time, the most time consuming function calls from the script will also be logged. Default value is 0 ( logging disabled ).

exec_msg_threshold = 60000

include_file – load additional routes/blocks with file path

include_file "proxy_regs.cfg"

import_file – Same as include_file but will not throw an error if file is not found.

import_file "proxy_regs.cfg"

listen – Set the network addresses the SIP server should listen to. syntax is protocol:address[:port]

The listen definition may accept several optional parameters for:

configuring an advertised IP and port only for an interface. Syntax “AS 11.22.33.44:5060”
setting a different number of children for this interface only (for UDP, SCTP and HEP_UDP interfaces only). This will override the global “children” parameter. Syntax “use_children 5”
Remember that the above parameters only affect the interface they are configured for; if they are not defined for a given interface, the global values will be used instead.

listen = udp:*
listen = udp:eth1
listen = tcp:eth1:5062
listen = tls:localhost:5061
listen = hep_udp:10.10.10.10:5064
listen = ws:127.0.0.1:5060 use_children 5
listen = sctp:127.0.0.1:5060 as 99.88.44.33:5060 use_children 3
On startup, OpenSIPS reports all the interfaces that it is listening on. The TCP engine processes will be created regardless if you specify only UDP interfaces here.
3.41 log_facility – control the facility for logging in syslog. Default value is LOG_DAEMON.

log_facility=LOG_LOCAL0

3.42 log_level – logging level (how verbose OpenSIPS should be). Higher values make OpenSIPS to print more messages.

log_level=1 — print only important messages (like errors or more critical situations) recommended for running proxy as daemon
log_level=4 — print a lot of debug messages use it only when doing debugging sessions

Actual values are:

-3 – Alert level
-2 – Critical level
-1 – Error level
1 – Warning level
2 – Notice level
3 – Info level
4 – Debug level
The ‘log_level’ parameter is usually used in concordance with ‘log_stderror’ parameter.

Value of ‘log_level’ parameter can also be get and set dynamically using log_level Core MI function or $log_level script variable.
3.43 log_name – Set the id to be printed in syslog. The value must be a string and has effect only when OpenSIPS runs in daemon mode (fork=yes), after daemonize. Default value is argv[0].

log_name=”osips-5070″

3.44 log_stderror – write log messages to standard error. Possible values are:
– “yes” – write the messages to standard error
– “no” – write the messages to syslog , also the default

max_while_loops – maximum loops that can be done within a “while”. Comes as a protection to avoid infinite loops in config file execution. Default is 100.

max_while_loops=200

maxbuffer – size in bytes not to be exceeded during the auto-probing procedure of discovering the maximum buffer size for receiving UDP messages. Default value is 262144.

maxbuffer=65536

mem-group – Defines a group of modules (by name) to get separate memory statistics.In order for the feature to work you have to run “make generate-mem-stats” and complile with the variable SHM_EXTRA_STATS defined and complile with the variable SHM_SHOW_DEFAULT_GROUP definedwill generate the statistics for the default group

mem-group = “interest”: “core” “tm”
mem-group = “runtime”: “dialog” “usrloc” “tm”

mem_warming – Only relevant when the HP_MALLOC compile flag is enabled. If set to “on”, on each startup, OpenSIPS will attempt to restore the memory fragmentation pattern it had before the stop/restart.
Memory warming is useful when dealing with high volumes of traffic (thousands of cps on multi-core machines – the more cores, the more useful), because processes must mutually exclude themselves when chopping up the initial big memory chunk. By performing fragmentation on startup, OpenSIPS will also behave optimally in the first minute(s) after a restart. Fragmentation usually lasts a few seconds (e.g. ~5 seconds on an 8GB shm pool and 2.4Ghz CPU) – traffic will not be processed at all during this period.

mem_warming = on

mem_warming_percentage – How much of OpenSIPS’s memory should be fragmented with the pattern of the previous run, upon a restart.

mem_warming_percentage = 50 //Default value: 75

mem_warming_pattern_file – Default value: “CFG_DIR/mem_warming_pattern”.The memory fragmentation pattern of a previous OpenSIPS run. Used at startup, if mem_warming is enabled.

mem_warming_pattern_file = “/var/tmp/my_memory_pattern”

memdump | mem_dump – Log level to print memory status information (runtime and shutdown). Default: memdump=L_DBG (4)

memlog | mem_lo – Log level to print memory debug info. It has to be less than the value of ‘log_level’ parameter if you want memory info to be logged. Default: memlog=L_DBG (4)

mcast_loopback – If set to ‘yes’, multicast datagram are sent over loopback. Default value is ‘no’.

mcast_loopback=yes

mcast_ttl – Set the value for multicast ttl. Default value is OS specific (usually 1).

mhomed – Set the server to try to locate outbound interface on multihomed host. By default is not (0) – it is rather time consuming.

mhomed=1

mpath – Set the module search path. This can be used to simplify the loadmodule parameter

mpath="/usr/local/lib/opensips/modules"<br> loadmodule "mysql.so"<br> loadmodule "uri.so"<br> loadmodule "uri_db.so"<br> loadmodule "sl.so"<br> loadmodule "tm.so"<br> ...

open_files_limit – If set and bigger than the current open file limit, OpenSIPS will try to increase its open file limit to this number. Note: OpenSIPS must be started as root to be able to increase a limit past the hard limit (which, for open files, is 1024 on most systems).

open_files_limit=2048

poll_method – (deprecated post 2.2) poll method to be used by the I/O internal reactor – by default the best one for the current OS is selected. The available types are: poll, epoll_lt, sigio_rt, select, kqueue, /dev/poll.

Starting with version 2.2, epoll_et is deprecated and if it is used in the script, it will be automatically replaced by epoll_lt.

poll_method=select

port – port the SIP server listens to. The default value for it is 5060.

reply_to_via – If it is set to 1, any local reply is sent to the address advertised in top most Via of the request. Default value is 0 (off).

reply_to_via=0

query_buffer_size -If set to a value greater than 1, inserts to DB will not be flushed one by one. Rows to be inserted will be kept in memory until until they gather up to query_buffer_size rows, and only then they will be flushed to the database.

query_buffer_size=5

query_flush_time – If query_buffer_size is set to a value greater than 1, a timer will trigger once every query_flush_time seconds, ensuring that no row will be kept for too long in memory.

query_flush_time=10

rev_dns – should the SIP server attempt to lookup its own IP address in DNS. If this parameter is set to yes and the IP address is not in DNS a warning is printed on syslog and a “received=” field is added to the via header. Default is no.

server_header – The body of Server header field generated by OpenSIPS when it sends a request as UAS. It defaults to “OpenSIPS (<version> (<arch>/<os>))”.

server_header="Server: My Company SIP Proxy"

server_signature – control “Server” header in any locally generated message. If it is enabled (default=yes) a header is generated as Server: OpenSIPS (0.9.5 (i386/linux))

shm_hash_split_percentage – Only relevant when the HP_MALLOC compile flag is enabled. It controls how many memory buckets will be optimized. (e.g. setting it to 2% will optimize the first 81 most used buckets as frequency). The default value is 1.

shm_secondary_hash_size – Only relevant when the HP_MALLOC compile flag is enabled. It represents the optimization factor of a single bucket (e.g. setting it to 4 will cause the optimized buckets to be further split into 4). The default value is 8.

sip_warning – Can be 0 or 1. If set to 1 (default value is 0) a ‘Warning’ header is added to each reply generated by OpenSIPS. The header contains several details that help troubleshooting using the network traffic dumps.

sip_warning=0

tcp_children – Number of children processes to be created for reading from TCP connections. If no value is explicitly set, the same number of TCP children as UDP children (see “children” parameter) will be used.

tcp_accept_aliases – If enabled, OpenSIPS will enforce RFC 5923 behaviour when detecting an “;alias” Via header field parameter and will reuse any TCP (or TLS, WS, WSS) connection opened for such SIP requests (source IP + Via port + proto) when sending other SIP requests backwards, towards the same (source IP + Via port + proto) pair. Default value 0 (disabled).

tcp_listen_backlog – maximum length for the queue of pending connections for the TCP listeners. Default configured value is 10.

tcp_connect_timeout – Time in milliseconds before an ongoing blocking attempt to connect will be aborted. Default value is 100ms.

tcp_connection_lifetime – Lifetime in seconds for TCP sessions. Default value is defined in tcp_conn.h: define DEFAULT_TCP_CONNECTION_LIFETIME 120.

tcp_connection_lifetime = 3600

tcp_max_connections – maximum number of tcp connections. Default is defined in tcp_conn.h: define DEFAULT_TCP_MAX_CONNECTIONS 2048

tcp_max_connections = 4096

tcp_max_msg_time – maximum number of seconds that a SIP message is expected to arrive via TCP. Default value is 4

tcp_max_msg_time = 8

tcp_no_new_conn_bflag -A branch flag to be used as marker to instruct OpenSIPS not to attempt to open a new TCP connection when delivering a request, but only to reuse an existing one (if available). If no existing conn, a generic send error will be returned.

This is intended to be used in NAT scenarios, where makes no sense to open a TCP connection towards a destination behind a NAT (like TCP connection created during registration was lost, so there is no way to contact the device until it re-REGISTER). Also this can be used to detect when a NATed registered user lost his TCP connection, so that opensips can disable his registration as useless.

 tcp_no_new_conn_bflag = TCP_NO_CONNECT<br> ...<br> route {<br> ...<br> if (isflagset(DST_NATED) &amp;&amp; $proto == "TCP")<br>     setbflag(TCP_NO_CONNECT);<br>     ...<br>     t_relay("0x02"); // no auto error reply<br>     $var(retcode) = $rc;<br>     if ($var(retcode) == -6) {<br>         xlog("unable to send request to destination");<br>         send_reply("404", "Not Found");<br>         exit;<br>     } else if ($var(retcode) &lt; 0) {<br>         sl_reply_error();<br>         exit;<br>     }<br> }

3.77 tcp_threshold – A number representing the maximum number of microseconds sending of a TCP request is expected to last. Anything above the set number will trigger a warning message to the logging facility. Default value is 0 ( logging disabled ).

tcp_threshold = 60000

tcp_keepalive – Enable or disable TCP keepalive (OS level). Enabled by default.

tcp_keepcount -Number of keepalives to send before closing the connection (Linux only). Default value: 0 (not set). Setting tcp_keepcount to any value will enable tcp_keepalive.

tcp_keepidle – Amount of time before OpenSIPS will start to send keepalives if the connection is idle (Linux only).
Default value: 0 (not set)

tcp_keepidle = 30

tcp_keepinterval – Interval between keepalive probes, if the previous one failed (Linux only).Default value: 0 (not set). Setting tcp_keepinterval to any value will enable tcp_keepalive.

tcp_keepinterval = 10

tls_ca_list

tls_certificate

tls_ciphers_list

tls_domain

tls_handshake_timeout

tls_log

tls_method

tls_port_no

tls_private_key

tls_require_certificate

tls_send_timeout

tls_verify

tos – TOS (Type Of Service) to be used for the sent IP packages (both TCP and UDP).

 tos=IPTOS_LOWDELAY<br> tos=0x10<br> tos=IPTOS_RELIABILITY

user_agent_header – The body of User-Agent header field generated by OpenSIPS when it sends a request as UAC. It defaults to “OpenSIPS (<version> (<arch>/<os>))”.

user_agent_header=”User-Agent: My Company SIP Proxy”

wdir – working directory used by OpenSIPS at runtime.

 wdir="/usr/local/opensips"

xlog_buf_size – Default value: 4096

Size of the buffer used to print a single line on the chosen logging facility of OpenSIPS. If the buffer is too small, an overflow error will be printed, and the concerned line will be skipped.

xlog_buf_size = 8388608 #given in bytes

xlog_force_color

xlog_default_level -Default value for the logging level of the xlog core function, when the log_level parameter is omitted.

xlog_default_level = 2 #L_NOTICE // Default value: -1

Routes

OpenSIPS routing logic uses several types of routes. Each type of route is triggered by a certain event and allows you to process a certain type of message (request or reply).

  • route
    SIP requests routing. The main ‘route’ block identified by ‘route{…}’ or ‘route[0]{…}’ is executed for each SIP request.
    To send a reply or forward the request, explicit actions must be called inside the route block. in example below which sends 200 ok reply for each options request.
route {
if(is_method("OPTIONS")) {
sl_send_reply("200", "ok");
exit();
}
route(1);
}
route[1] {
forward();
}
  • branch_route
    Handles different branches of a SIP request. if the branch is not dropped the branch will be automatically sent out. It is executed only by TM module after it was armed via t_on_branch(“branch_route_index”).
if (is_method("INVITE|BYE|SUBSCRIBE|UPDATE")) {
if(!t_is_set("branch_route")) t_on_branch("MANAGE_BRANCH");
}
branch_route[MANAGE_BRANCH] {
xdbg("new branch [$T_branch_idx] to $ru\n");
route(NATMANAGE);
}

or lookup location and discard branches where uri matches ip 1.2.3.4 by using drop()

route {
lookup("location");
t_on_branch("op3");
if(!t_relay()) {
sl_send_reply("500", "relaying failed");
}
}
branch_route[op3] {
if(uri=~"1\.2\.3\.4") {
drop();
}
}
  • failure_route
    Failed transaction routing block. It contains a set of actions to be taken each transaction that received only negative replies (>=300) for all branches which completes the transaction. The ‘failure_route’ is executed only by TM module after it was armed via t_on_failure(“failure_route_index”).
if (is_method("INVITE")) {
if(!t_is_set("failure_route")) t_on_failure("MANAGE_FAILURE");
}

failure_route[MANAGE_FAILURE] {
route(NATMANAGE);
if (t_is_canceled()) {
exit;
}
}

or on failure relay to voice mail

route {
lookup("location");
t_on_failure("op1");
if(!t_relay()) {
sl_send_reply("500", "relaying failed");
}
}
failure_route[op1] {
if(is_method("INVITE")) {
t_relay("udp:voicemail.server.com:5060");
}
}
  • onreply_route
    Reply routing block. It can be stateful (if bound to a transaction) or stateless (if global reply route).
    If the reply is not dropped (only provisional replies can be), it will be injected and processed by the transaction engine. There are three types of onreply routes:

global – catches all replies and uses simple definition ‘onreply_route {…}’ or ‘onreply_route[0] {…}’.
Exmaple for “global” reply route set the whole transaction

route {
seturi("sip:bob@opensips.org");  first branch
append_branch("sip:alice@opensips.org");  second branch
t_on_reply("global");
t_on_branch("1");
t_relay();
}

onreply_route {
xlog("OpenSIPS received a reply from $si\n");
}

onreply_route[global] {
if (t_check_status("1[0-9][0-9]")) {
setflag(1);
log("provisional reply received\n");
if (t_check_status("183"))
drop;
}
}

per request/transaction – it catches all received replies belonging to a certain transaction and uses “t_on_reply()” at request time, in REQUEST ROUTE – named ‘onreply_route[N] {…}’.

per branch – it catches only the replies that belong to a certain branch from a transaction via “t_on_reply()” ) at request time, but in BRANCH ROUTE, when a certain outgoing branch is processed – named ‘onreply_route[N] {…}’.
Certain ‘onreply_route’ blocks can be executed by TM module for special replies. For this, the ‘onreply_route’ must be armed for the SIP requests whose replies should be processed within it, via t_on_reply(“onreply_route_index”).

Exmaple of reply route set for this branch only


branch_route[1] {
if ($rU=="alice")
t_on_reply("alice");
}

onreply_route[alice] {
xlog("received reply on the branch from alice\n");
}
  • error_route

executed automatically on meeting and error such as parsing error in SIP request processing, script assert failure. Performs error handling . The Default action is to discard request. In error_route, the following pseudo-variables are available to get access to error details:

$(err.class) - the class of error (now is '1' for parsing errors)
$(err.level) - severity level for the error
$(err.info) - text describing the error
$(err.rcode) - recommended reply code
$(err.rreason) - recommended reply reason phrase
error_route {
xlog("--- error route class=$(err.class) level=$(err.level)
info=$(err.info) rcode=$(err.rcode) rreason=$(err.rreason) ---\n");
xlog("--- error from [$si:$sp]\n+++++\n$mb\n++++\n");
sl_send_reply("$err.rcode", "$err.rreason");
exit;
}
  • local_route

executed automatically as TM created a new request, internally (no UAC side). This is a route intended to be used for message inspection, accounting and for applying last changes on the message headers. Routing and signaling functions are not allowed.

local_route {
if (is_method("INVITE") && $ru=~"@foreign.com") {
append_hf("P-hint: foreign request\r\n");
exit;
}
if (is_method("BYE") ) {
acc_log_request("internally generated BYE");
}
}
  • startup_route
    Executed only once when OpenSIPS is started and before the processing of SIP messages begins. Used in initilization cases cases such as loading some data in the cache.
startup_route {
avp_db_query("select gwlist where ruleid==1",$avp(i:100));
cache_store("local", "rule1", "$avp(i:100)");
}
  • timer_route
    Route executed periodically at a configured interval of time specified next to the name(in seconds).
timer_route[gw_update, 300] {
avp_db_query("select gwlist where ruleid==1",$avp(i:100));
$shv(i:100) =$avp(i:100);
}
  • event_route
    execute script code when an event is triggered. If no way to handle the event specified, default will be synchronously.
    Triggered by the event_route module when an event is raised by the OpenSIPS Event Interface such as event raised by the pike module when it decides an ip should be blocked called E_PIKE_BLOCKED or E_SCRIPT_EVENT etc ( checke events interface for more events)
event_route[E_PIKE_BLOCKED] {
xlog("The E_PIKE_BLOCKED event was raised\n");
}
event_route[E_PIKE_BLOCKED, async] {
xlog("The E_PIKE_BLOCKED event was raised\n");
}

opensipsctlrc

opensipsctlrc file controls the opensipsctl and osipsconsole utilities. It is a shell script utility to manage opensips from command line

opensipsctl can manage

  • Start, stop, and restart
  • Show, grant, and revoke ACLs Add, remove, and list aliases
  • Add, remove, and configure an AVP
  • Low Cost Route (LCR)
  • Remote Party Identity (RPID)
  • Add, remove, and list subscribers
  • Add, remove, and show the usrloc table in-Random Access Memory (RAM)
  • Monitor

Ref :

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