Author: altanai

Specialized in CPaaS, carrier-grade WebRTC-SIP telecom platforms for Unified communication-collaboration, signaling gateways, SBC, soft turrets, IoT-surveillance and telecom integrations. Ardent contributor to Open Source software, avid freelancer, innovator and technical writer (telecom.altanai.com ). Inventor of "RamuDroid" an IOT Road-Cleaning robot Author of book "WebRTC Integrator's Guide" published by Packt

Digital Rights Management (DRM)

DRM empowers content owners and distributors to successfully manage ad sales rights, produce accurate inventory forecasts, optimize for maximum revenue, deliver yield-optimized ads, and analyze video business performance. Why DRM Still Matters Piracy tooling now targets low-latency and browser-delivered streams, not just VOD assets. Modern stacks blend real-time WebRTC, near-real-time LL-HLS/DASH on QUIC, and traditional … Continue reading Digital Rights Management (DRM)

Scalable Multicast Media Streaming Protocols

The guide explores multicast media streaming protocols crucial for telecommunications and content delivery networks. It details technologies like MLDP, HLS, DASH, SRT, and emerging solutions such as MoQ and WHEP, analyzing their advantages, disadvantages, use cases, and technical specifications to aid in choosing the optimal protocol for various scenarios.

Encapsulting Protocols

Secure Shell (SSH )Encapsulating protocols at Network LayerIP in IP Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload)Encapsulating protocols at Transport Layer TLS and Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS)Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)QUIC TCP encapsulationSubtle points of using encapsulationPath MTU and fragmentationMigration of inner payload from one to another protocolPrioritization and congestion post encapsulationMisordering Loss of ECN … Continue reading Encapsulting Protocols

Multihoming protocols and mobility

Low Layer Multihoming Layer 3 Network Layer multihomingLayer 4 Transport layer multihoming Higher Layer Multihoming techniquesBest Path Selection among multiple pathsFIFO or Round RobinWeights ( predetermined or dynamically allocated)Prioritization algorithmsMultiPath protocol designService discovery Unique Identifiers Path / Route and Network identifiers Header metadata Pre - Registration Handover / Failover from one path to another without … Continue reading Multihoming protocols and mobility

Low Latency Media streaming

Low latency is imperative for use cases that require mission-critical communication such as the emergency call for first responders, interactive collaboration and communication services, real-time remote object detection etc. Other use cases where low latency is essential are banking communication, financial trading communication, VR gaming etc. When low latency streaming is combined with high definition (HD) quality, the complication grows tenfold. This article discusses RTMP, RTSP, LL HLS, MPEG-DASH and, WebRTC, SRT as technologies to provide low-latency streaming. It also discusses the TradeOff of Latency vs. Quality and congestion control to avoid packet loss which is detrimental to low latency.

Fault Tolerance and Error Correction in WebRTC

Fluctuating NetworksDynamic Bandwidth estimation JitterBuffer SDP renegotiationDemand for High Quality Video Tradeoff between Latency vs Quality Layering for adaptive streamingBetter compression algorithms vs CPU computeFull INTRA-frame Request (FIR)Picture Loss Indication (PLI)Redundant Encoding (RED) in Media Packets CongestionFeedback Loop Overcome congestion with lower bitrate Reduce frame quality and resolution Congestion control Algorithms : Google Congestion Control … Continue reading Fault Tolerance and Error Correction in WebRTC

AEC (Echo Cancellation) and AGC (Gain Control) in WebRTC

Acoustic EchoHybrid / Electronic Echo in PSTN phonesNoise Suppression in WebRTCEcho CancellationWebRTC Echo CancellationAutomatic Gain Control (AGC) Echo is the sound of your own voice reverberating. If the amplitude of such a sound is high and intervals exceed 25 ms, it becomes disruptive to the conversation. Its types can be acoustic or hybrid. Echo cancellers … Continue reading AEC (Echo Cancellation) and AGC (Gain Control) in WebRTC

SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol)

SCTP is a reliable, message-oriented transport layer protocol. It was initially developed for telephony signaling (specifically for SS7 (Signaling System No. 7)) over IP, which requires robust and reliable messaging, but is widely used in WebRTC for data channels today as a standard. Being suitable for high availability , fault tolerant networks it is a … Continue reading SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol)

VoIP API design

Public API endpoints Internal API gatewaysAPI Rate Limiter Token based Rate LimitingToken bucket filterHierarchical Token Bucket (HTB)Fair QueingCBQ (Class Based Queing)Modular QoS command-Line interface (MQC) ShapingThrottling VoIP manages Call setup and teardown using IP protocol. The APIs can be used to provide public or internal endpoinst to create mnage calls , conference addon services like … Continue reading VoIP API design

High availiability and Scalibility in VoIP platforms

Load Balancers MPLSService-discoveryKeepalive, unregistering unhealthy nodesReplicationData Store Replication Quick Response / Low latencyScalabilityautoscallingPartitioiningMultiple PoPs (point of presence)Minimal Latency and lowest amount of tarffic via public internetHigh availiability (HA) 5 9's in aggregate failuresHA for Load balancer (LB)HA for Call Control app server Media Server HASecurity against malicious attacksMITMDDOS Identifying outages , logs and pcap analysis … Continue reading High availiability and Scalibility in VoIP platforms

Software Defined Networks ( SDN) and Network Function Virtulaization ( NFV) for Communication networks

Network Virtualisation Software Defined Network (SDN) SDN planes Network functions virtualization (NFV) IMS Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) OpenStack Innovations in telecommunication today are largely driven by the advancements in Open source tech tools, standards and stacks. IP-based video and voice communication systems, Unified Communication systems such as Enterprise CPaaS platforms or even an external independent … Continue reading Software Defined Networks ( SDN) and Network Function Virtulaization ( NFV) for Communication networks

EEP (formely HEP) Extensible Encapsulation Protocol with HOMER

EEP duplicates and IP datagram and encapsulates and sends for remote relatime monitoring for SIP specific alerts and notifications . HEP is popular among many SIP servers including Freeswitch , Opensips , kamailio , RTP engine as an external module .

  • intended for passive duplicated for remote collection
  • can be used for audit storage and analysis
  • does not alter the orignal datagram or headers

HOMER is Packet and Event capture system popular fpr VOIP/RTC Monitoring based on HEP/EEP (Extensible Encapsulation protocol)

Energy Efficient VoIP systems

Data Centres are the concentrated processing units for the amazing Internet that is driving the technological innovation of our generation and has become the backbone of our global economy. DataCentres not only process , store and carry textual data rather a vast amount of computing is for multimedia content which could range from social media … Continue reading Energy Efficient VoIP systems

SIP Trunks

Traditional trunk call SIP trunk (older) systems Centralized SIP Trunk Model SIP trunking is an IP-based alternative to ISDN trunking services Planning to set up SIP trunk Features of SIP trunking Future of SIP trunks With the dawn of IP telephony service and cloud communication platforms in recent years, the SIP has caught the attention … Continue reading SIP Trunks

Why Lua is a good choice for Scripting call configurations in SIP servers like Kamailio and Freeswitch

Programing in SIP servers enables the IP telephony provider to add complex control that is difficult to realise with simple dialplan XML and IVR menus. These are best handled by using a program that is compiled with the telecom application server and invoked by SIP requests or responses in the session. This may include using … Continue reading Why Lua is a good choice for Scripting call configurations in SIP servers like Kamailio and Freeswitch