5G and IMS

• 5G
• Spectrum
  • Workplan for 5G standardisation and release
•  5G Core Network
  • 5G Core Network like LTE
  • 5G + IMS
• SDN + NFV for 5G deployment
• Dynamic Network Slicing
  • Horizontal Slicing (Infrastructure Sharing)
  • Vertical Slicing (QoS Slicing)
• Service-based-architecture (SBA)
• Applications-of-5g

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In the course of evolution of RAN ( Radio Access layer) technologies, 5G outsmarts 4G-2010 which comes in succession after 3G-2000, 2.5G, 2G -1990 and 1G/PSTN -1980 respectively. Among the most striking features of 5G are :-

• IP based protocols
• ability to connect 100x more devices ( IOT favourable )
• speed upto 10 Gbit/s
• high peak bit rate
• high data volume per unit area
• virtually 0 latency hence high response time

5G + IMS can accommodate the rapid growth of rich multimedia applications like OTT streaming of HD content, gaming, Augmented reality so on while enabling devices connected to the Internet of Things to onboard the telecommunication backbone with high system spectral efficiency and ubiquitous connectivity.

5G

Infact 5G has seen maximum investment in year 2020 in revamping infrastrcuture as compared to other technologies such as IoT or even Cloud. This could be partly due to high rise in high speed communication for streaming and remote communication owining to steep rise in remote learning adn working from home scenarious.

Spectrum

5G is specified to operate over range 1 GHz to 100 GHz.

• Low-band spectrum (below 2.5 GHz) – excellent coverage,
• mid- band spectrum (2.5–10 GHz) – a combination of good coverage and very high bitrates,
• high band-spectrum (10–100 GHz) – the bandwidths needed for the highest bitrates (up to 20 Gb/s) and lowest latencies

Workplan for 5G standardisation and release

The Workplan started in 2014 and is ongoing as of now (2018). UPdate

3GPP is the standard defining body for telecom and has specified almost all RAN technologies like GSM , GPRS , W-CDMA , UMTS , EDGE , HSPAand LTE before .

5G Core Network

5G Core Network like LTE

5G + IMS

SDN + NFV for 5G deployment

SDN separates the virtualized network infrastructure from its logical architecture. which automates configuration for routing, security etc. 

It also helps in the management of infrastructure for scaling and availability.

Software-defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) are advancing the deployment of 5G systems. The separation of user and control plane are essentially making the system very modular thereby increasing the application to various traffic types 

• IMS signalling
• Smart city sensors, cameras 
• Web services 
• Self-driving cars 
• Real-Time Communications / VoIP
• Augment Reality(AR) , Virtual Reality ( VR)
• Real Time Gaming
• Mission Critical Data / Push to Talk ( MCPTT)
• buffered streaming ( non conversational Video)

Dynamic Network Slicing

Network Slicing allows mobile operators to partition a single network into multiple virtual networks. This allow network operator to use one physical network to cater to many kinds of service networks with varrying usecases around bandwidth, network latency, processing, resiliency, business requirnments.

Dynamic Network Slicing allows the network resources like radio networks, wire access, core, transport and edge networks to be divided into multiple logical networks to meet requirnments of diverse use cases. [2]

Horizontal Slicing (Infrastructure Sharing)	Vertical Slicing (QoS Slicing)
The virtual infristructure is shared between different tenants for control and operations ( think IaaS)	creating service instances

Service Based Architecture (SBA)

Virtualization and slicing allow us to create Service Based Architectures ( SBA). This allows control plane and user plane sepration( CUPS). It also allows sepration between access and core network.

The modular function design allows concurrent access to services as well as decoupling of stateless processors and statefull backend ( database).

• (+) network capability exposure
• (+) scalability
• (+) redundancy

Applications of 5G

5G targets three main use case

• enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB),
• massive machine type communications (mMTC)
• ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) (also called critical machine type communications (cMTC))

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References

• [1] GSMA – 5G Implementation Guidelines July 2019 https://www.gsma.com/futurenetworks/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/5G-Implementation-Guideline-v2.0-July-2019.pdf
• [2] J. Zhou, W. Zhao and S. Chen, “Dynamic Network Slice Scaling Assisted by Prediction in 5G Network,” in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 133700-133712, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3010623.

IP Multimedia Subsystem ( IMS )